Philip M Caputo

Newark, New Jersey, has long been a pivotal city in American economic history. Its business evolution mirrors the larger narrative of industrialization, decline, and revitalization seen across many urban centers in the United States. From its roots in agriculture and manufacturing to its current role as an emerging technology and innovation hub, Newark’s story is one of resilience, adaptability, and transformation. This article traces the critical phases of Newark’s economic history, highlighting the factors that shaped its development and the vision driving its future. Early Foundations: Agricultural Beginnings and Trade Founded in 1666, Newark started as a Puritan settlement that thrived on agriculture, fishing, and small-scale trading. Its proximity to the Passaic River allowed settlers to transport goods easily and engage in commerce with neighboring colonies. The fertile land was conducive to farming, and this rural economy laid the foundation for Newark’s early growth. Local bus